First add localhost to your inventory file (ex. /etc/ansible/hosts or ~/.ansible/hosts) and then run ansible-playbook ansible-directories.yml

ansible-directories.yml

- hosts: localhost
  connection: local
  vars:
    role: common
  tasks:
  - name: create directories for ansible files.
    file: path={{ item }} state=directory
    with_items:
      - group_vars
      - host_vars
      - roles/{{ role }}/tasks
      - roles/{{ role }}/handlers
      - roles/{{ role }}/templates
      - roles/{{ role }}/files
      - roles/{{ role }}/vars

ありがとうございます。私の実行例もrole→rolesに編集しました。