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Demo VCR.py cassette with 206 response for https://github.com/AndyTheFactory/newspaper4k/issues/617
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20px;border-radius:44px;padding-bottom:2px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;color:#052962;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;border-radius:0;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-underline-offset:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;min-height:initial;height:initial;}.dcr-1uyjdvr:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-1uyjdvr:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) | |
.dcr-1uyjdvr:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-1uyjdvr:hover{text-decoration-thickness:4px;}.dcr-1uyjdvr:hover{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-cxzgoi{font-family:\"GH | |
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(max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-cxzgoi{font-family:\"GH Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian | |
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0 0 var(--headline-background);-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;display:inline;}.dcr-16on7cv{margin-left:6px;margin-top:4px;z-index:1;}.dcr-1eos3vf{font-family:\"GH | |
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0 0 var(--byline-background),-6px 0 0 var(--byline-background);display:inline-block;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;}.dcr-1eos3vf | |
a{color:var(--byline-anchor);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1eos3vf | |
a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-1yi1cnj{grid-area:standfirst;}.dcr-1teqwow{font-family:\"GH | |
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li{margin-bottom:6px;padding-left:19px;}.dcr-1teqwow li p{display:inline;}.dcr-1teqwow | |
li:before{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:0.7em;width:0.7em;margin-right:7px;background-color:var(--standfirst-bullet);margin-left:-19px;}.dcr-1teqwow | |
p{margin-bottom:8px;}.dcr-1teqwow strong{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-1teqwow [data-dcr-style='bullet']{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:13px;width:13px;margin-right:2px;background-color:var(--standfirst-bullet);}.dcr-1teqwow | |
a{color:var(--standfirst-link-text);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px | |
solid var(--standfirst-link-border);-webkit-transition:border-color 0.15s | |
ease-out;transition:border-color 0.15s ease-out;}.dcr-1teqwow a:hover{border-bottom:solid | |
1px var(--standfirst-link-border);}.dcr-kt8blz{grid-area:lines;}@media (max-width: | |
659.9px){.dcr-ich95x{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;}}@media (max-width: | |
479.9px){.dcr-ich95x{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;}}.dcr-194w08h{display:block;}.dcr-1rbr3jc{grid-area:meta;}@media | |
(max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-1v9sla6{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;}}@media | |
(max-width: 479.9px){.dcr-1v9sla6{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;}}.dcr-5oiine{padding-top:2px;}@media | |
(min-width: 740px) and (max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-5oiine{-webkit-order:3;-ms-flex-order:3;order:3;}}@media | |
(max-width: 479.9px){.dcr-5oiine{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 480px){.dcr-5oiine{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 660px){.dcr-5oiine{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}}.dcr-1kpcv08{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media | |
(max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1kpcv08{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}.dcr-1r4u1x3{width:140px;height:140px;margin-top:6px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-left:0px;}@media | |
(max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1r4u1x3{width:60px;height:60px;margin-top:3px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-left:0px;}}.dcr-d4u0uv{display:block;border-radius:100%;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:hidden;background-color:var(--avatar-background);}.dcr-1yduq3m{display:block;object-fit:cover;height:100%;width:100%;}.dcr-1d52k2r{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
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(max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1d52k2r{color:var(--mobile-color);}}.dcr-1ybxn6r{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;}.dcr-1ybxn6r::-webkit-details-marker{display:none;}.dcr-u0h1qy:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.dcr-9dgpdq{margin-bottom:6px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.dcr-ymokyv{border-top:1px | |
solid var(--article-border);-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;padding-top:6px;}@media | |
(max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-ymokyv{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}@media | |
(max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-ymokyv{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1140px) and (max-width: 1299.9px){.dcr-ymokyv{padding-bottom:6px;}}.dcr-gxqmy5{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s | |
ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:36px;min-height:36px;padding:0 | |
16px;border-radius:36px;padding-bottom:2px;color:#052962;border:1px solid | |
#052962;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;color:var(--share-button);width:105px;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;border-color:var(--share-button-border);height:36px;}.dcr-gxqmy5:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-gxqmy5:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) | |
.dcr-gxqmy5:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-gxqmy5:hover{background-color:#E5E5E5;}.dcr-gxqmy5 | |
svg{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;display:block;fill:currentColor;position:relative;width:26px;height:auto;}.dcr-gxqmy5 | |
.src-button-space{width:8px;}.dcr-gxqmy5 svg{margin-left:-4px;}.dcr-gxqmy5 | |
svg{fill:var(--share-button);-webkit-transition:inherit;transition:inherit;}.dcr-gxqmy5:hover{background-color:var(--share-button);border-color:var(--share-button);color:var(--share-button-hover);}.dcr-gxqmy5:hover | |
svg{fill:var(--share-button-hover);}.dcr-1co5za7{border-top:1px solid var(--article-border);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}@media | |
(min-width: 1140px) and (max-width: 1299.9px){.dcr-1co5za7{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;}}@media | |
(max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-1co5za7{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}@media | |
(max-width: 659.9px){.dcr-1co5za7{margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}}.dcr-14baf59{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;}@media | |
(max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-1lhv23l{display:none;}}.dcr-ch7w1w{grid-area:body;z-index:5;}.dcr-v4ay52{-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;z-index:1;}@media | |
(max-width: 1139.9px){.dcr-v4ay52{padding-left:0;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-v4ay52{width:620px;}}@media | |
print{.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot{display:none!important;}}.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot.ad-slot--collapse{display:none;}@media | |
(min-width: 980px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot--mostpop{margin:0;width:auto;}}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot--fluid{width:100%;}.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot-container{margin:12px auto;text-align:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container:not(:has(.ad-slot)){margin:0;}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container{background-color:#F6F6F6;}}@media (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container{clear:left;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot-container | |
.ad-slot{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;-webkit-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container .ad-slot .ad-slot__content{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container .ad-slot--interscroller{overflow:hidden;position:relative;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container .ad-slot--interscroller .ad-slot__content{position:absolute;height:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;z-index:-1;}@media | |
(min-width: 980px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot-container--offset-right{float:right;max-width:300px;margin-right:-330px;background-color:transparent;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1140px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot-container--offset-right{margin-right:-310px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1300px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot-container--offset-right{margin-right:-380px;}}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot--inline:not(.ad-slot--rendered){min-height:221px;}@media (min-width: | |
980px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot--inline:not(.ad-slot--rendered){min-height:274px;}}@media | |
(max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot--top-above-nav:not(.ad-slot--rendered){min-height:221px;}}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container--im{float:left;background-color:transparent;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container--im .ad-slot{width:130px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container--im .ad-slot{width:220px;}}.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot-container--im | |
.ad-slot:not(.ad-slot--rendered){width:0;height:0;}.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot-container--im | |
.ad-slot.ad-slot--rendered{margin:5px 10px 6px 0;}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot-container--im .ad-slot.ad-slot--rendered{margin-bottom:12px;margin-right:20px;}}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot--carrot{float:left;clear:both;width:140px;margin-right:20px;margin-bottom:4px;}@media | |
(min-width: 1140px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot--carrot{position:relative;margin-left:-160px;width:140px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1300px){.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot--carrot{margin-left:-240px;width:220px;}}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot__scroll{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica | |
Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot__scroll.visible{visibility:initial;}.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot__scroll.hidden{visibility:hidden;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot__close-button{display:none;}.dcr-v4ay52 .ad-slot__scroll{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot:not[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'';display:block;height:24px;visibility:hidden;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot[data-label-show='true']:not(.ad-slot--interscroller)::before{content:attr(ad-label-text);display:block;position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot__adtest-cookie-clear-link{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-align:left;position:absolute;left:268px;top:1px;z-index:10;padding:0;border:0;}.dcr-v4ay52 | |
.ad-slot--interscroller[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'Advertisement';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;border:0;display:block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}@media | |
(min-width: 740px) and (max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-lw02qf{padding-right:80px;}}.dcr-lw02qf | |
h2:not([data-ignore='global-h2-styling']){font-family:\"GH Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian | |
Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}.dcr-lw02qf | |
ol:not([data-ignore='global-ol-styling']){counter-reset:li;}.dcr-lw02qf ol:not([data-ignore='global-ol-styling']) | |
li:before{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian,\"Guardian Text Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;content:counter(li);counter-increment:li;margin-right:4px;}.dcr-lw02qf | |
strong{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-lw02qf a:not([data-ignore='global-link-styling']){-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px | |
solid var(--article-link-border);color:var(--article-link-text);}.dcr-lw02qf | |
a:not([data-ignore='global-link-styling']):hover{color:var(--article-link-text-hover);border-bottom:1px | |
solid var(--article-link-border-hover);}.dcr-1g5o3j6{position:relative;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 | |
.ad-slot.ad-slot--collapse{display:none;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 .ad-slot__scroll{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 | |
.ad-slot__scroll.visible{visibility:initial;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 .ad-slot__scroll.hidden{visibility:hidden;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 | |
.ad-slot__close-button{display:none;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 .ad-slot__scroll{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 | |
.ad-slot:not[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'';display:block;height:24px;visibility:hidden;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 | |
.ad-slot[data-label-show='true']:not(.ad-slot--interscroller)::before{content:attr(ad-label-text);display:block;position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 | |
.ad-slot__adtest-cookie-clear-link{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-align:left;position:absolute;left:268px;top:1px;z-index:10;padding:0;border:0;}.dcr-1g5o3j6 | |
.ad-slot--interscroller[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'Advertisement';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;border:0;display:block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-1g5o3j6.ad-slot-container--centre-slot{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;margin:0 | |
auto;}.dcr-4cudl2{margin-bottom:14px;word-break:break-word;font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian,\"Guardian | |
Text Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.4;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}.dcr-4cudl2 | |
strong em,.dcr-4cudl2 strong u{font-weight:bold;}.dcr-4cudl2 ul{margin-bottom:12px;}@media | |
(min-width: 740px){.dcr-4cudl2 ul{margin-bottom:16px;}}.dcr-4cudl2 li{margin-bottom:6px;padding-left:20px;display:flow-root;}.dcr-4cudl2 | |
li p{display:inline;}.dcr-4cudl2 li:before{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:13px;width:13px;background-color:#DCDCDC;margin-left:-20px;margin-right:7px;}.dcr-4cudl2 | |
sub{bottom:-0.25em;}.dcr-4cudl2 sup{top:-0.5em;}.dcr-4cudl2 sub,.dcr-4cudl2 | |
sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;}.dcr-4cudl2 | |
[data-dcr-style='bullet']{display:inline-block;content:'';border-radius:50%;height:13px;width:13px;margin-right:0.2px;background-color:#C70000;}@media | |
(max-width: 739.9px){.dcr-4cudl2{overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;}}.dcr-15xdhc{color:var(--pullquote-text);font-family:\"GH | |
Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;margin-top:14px;margin-bottom:14px;max-width:90%;}@media | |
(min-width: 740px){.dcr-15xdhc{font-family:\"GH Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian | |
Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 740px){.dcr-15xdhc{max-width:80%;}}.dcr-scql1j{height:0.7em;width:auto;vertical-align:baseline;margin-right:4px;}.dcr-zzndwp{display:inline;font-style:italic;}.dcr-173mewl{margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:12px;}.dcr-1your1i{margin-bottom:4px;float:left;clear:left;width:8.75rem;margin-right:20px;}@media | |
(max-width: 23.4rem){.dcr-1your1i{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-1your1i | |
img,.dcr-1your1i .avatar{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 740px){.dcr-1your1i{width:140px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1140px){.dcr-1your1i{position:relative;margin-left:-160px;width:140px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1your1i{margin-left:-240px;width:220px;}}.dcr-1kyw41h{background-color:var(--rich-link-background);}.dcr-1kyw41h:hover{background-color:var(--rich-link-background-hover);}.dcr-xztv7y{display:contents;--expandingWrapper--background:#F6F6F6;--expandingWrapper--border:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackground:#FFFFFF;--expandingWrapper--collapseBackgroundHover:#E5E5E5;--expandingWrapper--collapseText:#121212;--expandingWrapper--collapseTextHover:#121212;--expandingWrapper--text:#121212;--expandingWrapper--horizontalRules:#DCDCDC;--expandingWrapper--expandBackground:#121212;--expandingWrapper--expandBackgroundHover:#454545;--expandingWrapper--expandText:#FFFFFF;--tabs--background:#F6F6F6;--tabs--text:#121212;--tabs--border:#999999;--tabs--inactiveBackground:#DCDCDC;--tabs-input:#FFFFFF;--byline:#595C5F;--byline-background:#FFE500;--byline-anchor:#595C5F;--byline-underline:inherit;--byline-hover:#3F464A;--callout-prompt:#0077B6;--callout-submit-text:#FFFFFF;--callout-submit-background:#052962;--callout-submit-background-hover:#234B8A;--callout-highlight-text:#121212;--callout-highlight-background:#FFE500;--dateline:#707070;--dateline-mobile:#707070;--headline-colour:#222527;--headline-border:#DCDCDC;--headline-background:transparent;--headline-blog-background:#EFF1F2;--heading-line:#303538;--star-rating-fill:#121212;--star-rating-background:#FFE500;--block-quote-fill:#707070;--block-quote-text:#121212;--block-quote-link:#595C5F;--accordion-title-row-fill:#707070;--accordion-title-row-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-title-row-border-top:#DCDCDC;--accordion-title:#121212;--accordion-key-events-background:#FFFFFF;--accordion-live-feed-background:#F6F6F6;--table-of-contents:#121212;--table-of-contents-border:#DCDCDC;--ad-background:#F6F6F6;--ad-labels-text:#333333;--ad-support-banner-button-background:#052962;--ad-support-banner-background:#EDEDED;--ad-support-banner-button-text:#FFFFFF;--ad-support-banner-text:#052962;--apps-footer-links-text:#121212;--apps-footer-links-text-hover:#1A1A1A;--apps-footer-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-background:#F6F6F6;--click-to-view-border:#DCDCDC;--click-to-view-button:#052962;--click-to-view-button-text:#FFFFFF;--click-to-view-button-hover:#234B8A;--avatar-background:#EFF1F2;--standfirst-text:#000000;--standfirst-bullet:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-link-text:#595C5F;--standfirst-link-border:#595C5F;--follow-icon-fill:#3F464A;--follow-icon-background:#FFFFFF;--follow-text:#121212;--standfirst-border:#DCDCDC;--standfirst-background:#EFF1F2;--card-border-top:#FFE500;--card-footer-text:#FFE500;--card-footer-onwards-content:#FFE500;--card-background:#3F464A;--onward-content-card-background:#707070;--onward-content-card-hover:#333333;--card-headline-onward-content-text:#FFFFFF;--card-headline-trail-text:#FFFFFF;--card-kicker-text:#FFE500;--card-background-hover:#EDEDED;--caption-text:#222527;--caption-link:#3F464A;--caption-overlay-text:#FFFFFF;--key-event-bullet:#707070;--key-event-bullet-hover:#000000;--key-event-title:#121212;--key-event-text:#3F464A;--key-event-background:#F6F6F6;--key-event-background-desktop:#EDEDED;--key-event-border:#707070;--key-event-button:#121212;--key-event-button-hover:#FFD900;--key-event-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--numbered-list-number:#707070;--numbered-list-title:#595C5F;--numbered-list-links:#595C5F;--numbered-list-heading:#121212;--summary-event-bullet:#595C5F;--summary-event-bullet-hover:#303538;--branding-label-text:#333333;--branding-link-text:#595C5F;--article-background:#EFF1F2;--article-section-background:#FFFFFF;--article-section-title:#000000;--article-link-text:#595C5F;--article-link-border:#3F464A;--article-link-text-hover:#222527;--article-link-border-hover:#222527;--article-border:#DCDCDC;--straight-lines:#DCDCDC;--article-meta-lines:#DCDCDC;--sub-nav-border:#595C5F;--sub-nav-link:#121212;--share-button:#3F464A;--match-nav-background:#FFE500;--match-stats-background:#d9edf6;--match-tab-border:#DCDCDC;--match-tab-border-active:#005689;--live-block-container-background:#FFFFFF;--live-block-border-top:#595C5F;--live-block-border-bottom:#DCDCDC;--sub-meta-background:#EFF1F2;--sub-meta-label-text:#3F464A;--sub-meta-text:#222527;--sub-meta-text-hover:#FFFFFF;--syndication-button-text:#222527;--syndication-button-border:#DCDCDC;--drop-cap:#3F464A;--apps-epic-background:#F6F6F6;--apps-epic-border:#FFE500;--interactive-block-background:#EFF1F2;--most-viewed-headline:#121212;--most-viewed-tab-border:#3F464A;--link-kicker-text:#595C5F;--article-text:#121212;--carousel-text:#121212;--carousel-title-highlight:#595C5F;--carousel-border:#DCDCDC;--carousel-dot:#EDEDED;--carousel-dot-hover:#DCDCDC;--carousel-active-dot:#595C5F;--carousel-active-dot-hover:#595C5F;--carousel-arrow:#FFFFFF;--carousel-arrow-background:#000000;--carousel-arrow-background-hover:#FFE500;--most-viewed-footer-hover:#F6F6F6;--pullquote-text:#121212;--pullquote-background:#EFF1F2;--pullquote-border:#DCDCDC;--pullquote-icon:#999999;--rich-link-text:#595C5F;--rich-link-background:#F6F6F6;--rich-link-fill:#595C5F;--rich-link-background-hover:#EDEDED;--rich-link-header:#000000;--rich-link-branding-text:#707070;--quote-icon-fill:#595C5F;--rich-link-border:#595C5F;--age-warning-wrapper-background:transparent;--age-warning-background:#FFE500;--age-warning-text:#121212;--series-title-background:#FFE500;--section-title-background:transparent;--series-title-text:#3F464A;--series-title-match-text:#3F464A;--recaptcha-button:#000000;--recaptcha-button-hover:#333333;--recaptcha-button-text:#FFFFFF;--recaptcha-border:#121212;--privacy-text-supporting:#000000;--privacy-text-supporting-subdued:#707070;--privacy-text-regular:#121212;--witness-title-text:#595C5F;--witness-title-icon:#595C5F;--witness-title-author:#595C5F;--comment-count-fill:#3F464A;--comment-count-mobile-fill:#3F464A;--explainer-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--explainer-atom-accent:#121212;--sign-in-link:#3F464A;--sign-in-link-underline:#DCDCDC;--discussion-section-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-top-pick-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-top-pick-link:#0077B6;--discussion-staff-label-text:#052962;--discussion-pick-label-text:#121212;--recommendation-count:#F6F6F6;--recommendation-count-selected:#052962;--recommendation-count-arrow:#707070;--recommendation-count-arrow-selected:#FFFFFF;--discussion-text:#121212;--discussion-accent-text:#C70000;--discussion-link:#0077B6;--discussion-primary-button-background:#AB0613;--discussion-button-background-hover:#C70000;--discussion-button-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-preview-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-report-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-report-label-text:#121212;--discussion-report-border:#606060;--discussion-report-button:#052962;--discussion-report-error-text:#C70000;--discussion-report-success-text:#22874D;--discussion-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-text:#707070;--discussion-pagination-background:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pagination-border:#DCDCDC;--discussion-pagination-border-hover:#999999;--discussion-subdued:#707070;--discussion-loading-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-loading-shimmer:#DCDCDC;--comment-form-input-background:#FFFFFF;--comment-form-header-background:#F6F6F6;--discussion-background:#EDEDED;--discussion-selected-background:#F6F6F6;--pagination-text:#3F464A;--interactive-contents-hover:#EDEDED;--audio-atom-background:#F6F6F6;--audio-atom-kicker:#C70000;--audio-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--audio-atom-icons:#C70000;--audio-atom-progress-bar:#999999;--expandable-atom-background:#EDEDED;--expandable-atom-text-hover:#C70000;--expandable-atom-border:#DCDCDC;--expandable-atom-button:#000000;--expandable-atom-button-fill:#FFFFFF;--timeline-atom-bullet:#121212;--timeline-atom-highlight-text:#000000;--timeline-atom-highlight-text-background:#FFE500;--email-signup-button-background:#000000;--email-signup-button-hover:#333333;--email-signup-button-text:#FFFFFF;--code-block-background:#f5f2f0;--code-block-text-shadow:#FFFFFF;--last-updated-text:#000000;--interactive-atom-background:transparent;--share-button-liveblog-mobile:#3F464A;--share-button-border:#DCDCDC;--share-button-copied:#121212;--share-button-hover:#FFFFFF;--share-button-xsmall-border:#DCDCDC;--staff-contributor-badge:#052962;--staff-contributor-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--staff-pick-badge:#121212;--staff-pick-badge-text:#FFFFFF;--discussion-pre-mod:#0077B6;--discussion-comment-underline:#DCDCDC;}.dcr-1m887w9{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1lhuo3r{border-top:1px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:var(--rich-link-border);}.dcr-ut4tvs{padding-top:2px;padding-right:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-bottom:5px;}.dcr-1h5b6rb{padding-bottom:10px;color:var(--rich-link-header);}.dcr-1k82b89{font-family:\"GH | |
Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:0.875rem;padding-top:1px;padding-bottom:1px;}@media | |
(min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1k82b89{font-family:\"GH Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian | |
Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.15;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;padding-bottom:5px;}}.dcr-eurq8n{fill:var(--rich-link-fill);padding-top:2px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-bottom:6px;}.dcr-gsqrei{font-family:\"GH | |
Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;font-size:0.875rem;color:var(--rich-link-text);padding-left:4px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media | |
(min-width: 1300px){.dcr-gsqrei{font-family:\"GH Guardian Headline\",\"Guardian | |
Egyptian Web\",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:500;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}}.dcr-z9ge1j{height:1px;border:0;margin-bottom:3px;background-color:#DCDCDC;width:150px;margin-left:0px;margin-top:48px;}@media | |
(min-width: 740px){.dcr-z9ge1j{margin-left:-20px;}}@media (min-width: 1140px){.dcr-z9ge1j{margin-left:-10px;}}.dcr-65xb9q{display:block;}.dcr-fckw05{padding-bottom:36px;}@media | |
(max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-fckw05{padding-bottom:20px;}}.dcr-qp9m7u{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;display:block;color:var(--sub-meta-label-text);margin-bottom:8px;}.dcr-1jl528t{padding-bottom:12px;margin-bottom:6px;border-bottom:1px | |
solid var(--article-border);}.dcr-1yfsxuc{list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.5rem | |
0.25rem;background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(\n\t\t\tto bottom,\n\t\t\tvar(--sub-meta-background) | |
0px,\n\t\t\tvar(--sub-meta-background) 36px,\n\t\t\ttransparent 36px,\n\t\t\ttransparent | |
37px,\n\t\t\tvar(--sub-meta-background) 37px,\n\t\t\tvar(--sub-meta-background) | |
48px\n\t\t),repeating-linear-gradient(\n\t\t\tto right,\n\t\t\tvar(--article-border) | |
0px,\n\t\t\tvar(--article-border) 3px,\n\t\t\ttransparent 3px,\n\t\t\ttransparent | |
5px\n\t\t);-webkit-background-position:top;background-position:top;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.dcr-1yfsxuc | |
li::before{content:'\\200B';display:block;height:0;width:0;}.dcr-pagas8{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;border:1px | |
solid var(--sub-meta-text);border-radius:12px;padding:2px 9px;}.dcr-pagas8:hover{background-color:var(--sub-meta-text);}.dcr-pagas8:hover | |
a{color:var(--sub-meta-text-hover);}.dcr-pagas8 a{position:relative;display:block;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.dcr-1gwziyt{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--sub-meta-text);}.dcr-nu129i{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.dcr-ssfe7f | |
>a{color:var(--syndication-button-text);border-color:var(--syndication-button-border);font-weight:normal;}.dcr-1jwl9wb{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s | |
ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;min-height:24px;padding:0 | |
12px;border-radius:24px;padding-bottom:1px;color:#052962;border:1px solid | |
#052962;}.dcr-1jwl9wb:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.dcr-1jwl9wb:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) | |
.dcr-1jwl9wb:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.dcr-1jwl9wb:hover{background-color:#E5E5E5;}.dcr-cneztv{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:4;}@supports | |
(display: grid){.dcr-cneztv{position:relative;grid-area:right-column;}}.dcr-jwg3xc{padding-top:6px;height:100%;}@media | |
(min-width: 980px){.dcr-jwg3xc{margin-left:20px;margin-right:-20px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1140px){.dcr-jwg3xc{margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}}@media | |
(max-width: 979.9px){.dcr-1hko8ef{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-1hko8ef{height:100%;display:block;-webkit-flex-basis:300px;-ms-flex-preferred-size:300px;flex-basis:300px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}}.dcr-1e3xwa3{height:min(100%, | |
1600px);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.dcr-mqfufz | |
.ad-slot.ad-slot--collapse{display:none;}.dcr-mqfufz .ad-slot__scroll{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}.dcr-mqfufz | |
.ad-slot__scroll.visible{visibility:initial;}.dcr-mqfufz .ad-slot__scroll.hidden{visibility:hidden;}.dcr-mqfufz | |
.ad-slot__close-button{display:none;}.dcr-mqfufz .ad-slot__scroll{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-mqfufz | |
.ad-slot:not[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'';display:block;height:24px;visibility:hidden;}.dcr-mqfufz | |
.ad-slot[data-label-show='true']:not(.ad-slot--interscroller)::before{content:attr(ad-label-text);display:block;position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-mqfufz | |
.ad-slot__adtest-cookie-clear-link{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-align:left;position:absolute;left:268px;top:1px;z-index:10;padding:0;border:0;}.dcr-mqfufz | |
.ad-slot--interscroller[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'Advertisement';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;border:0;display:block;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-mqfufz.ad-slot-container--centre-slot{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;margin:0 | |
auto;}.dcr-1susrlh{background-color:#F6F6F6;}.dcr-u0uasy{position:relative;margin:auto;}@media | |
(min-width: 740px){.dcr-u0uasy{max-width:740px;}}@media (min-width: 980px){.dcr-u0uasy{max-width:980px;}}@media | |
(min-width: 1140px){.dcr-u0uasy{max-width:1140px;}}@media (min-width: 1300px){.dcr-u0uasy{max-width:1300px;}}.dcr-6mbnxj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.dcr-6mbnxj | |
.ad-slot.ad-slot--collapse{display:none;}.dcr-6mbnxj .ad-slot__scroll{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;}.dcr-6mbnxj | |
.ad-slot__scroll.visible{visibility:initial;}.dcr-6mbnxj .ad-slot__scroll.hidden{visibility:hidden;}.dcr-6mbnxj | |
.ad-slot__close-button{display:none;}.dcr-6mbnxj .ad-slot__scroll{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-6mbnxj | |
.ad-slot:not[data-label-show='true']::before{content:'';display:block;height:24px;visibility:hidden;}.dcr-6mbnxj | |
.ad-slot[data-label-show='true']:not(.ad-slot--interscroller)::before{content:attr(ad-label-text);display:block;position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
Text Sans Web\",\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:24px;max-height:24px;background-color:#F6F6F6;padding:0 | |
8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-6mbnxj | |
.ad-slot__adtest-cookie-clear-link{font-family:GuardianTextSans,\"Guardian | |
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8px;border-top:1px solid #DCDCDC;color:#707070;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;}.dcr-6mbnxj.ad-slot-container--centre-slot{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;margin:0 | |
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solid var(--article-border);}}@media (min-width: 480px){.dcr-1p6z1rt{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.dcr-ri3hap{-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;}.dcr-p0nyl2{min-height:340px;width:100%;margin-bottom:px;margin-left:px;background-color:var(--article-background);}.dcr-17td87q{background-color:var(--article-section-background);}.dcr-1pp81zm{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;gap:initial;-ms-flex-positive:1;}.dcr-1gx3men{position:relative;padding-right:10px;}@media | |
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(min-width: 1300px){.dcr-1ed9zll{padding-top:7px;font-size:24px;}}.dcr-1ed9zll:after{border-top:4px | |
solid #FF7F0F;left:0;right:1px;top:-4px;content:'';display:block;position:absolute;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform | |
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solid #00B2FF;left:0;right:1px;top:-4px;content:'';display:block;position:absolute;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform | |
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solid #EACCA0;left:0;right:1px;top:-4px;content:'';display:block;position:absolute;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform | |
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name=\"SupportTheG\" priority=\"feature\" deferUntil=\"idle\" props=\"{"urls":{"contribute":"https://support.theguardian.com/contribute?INTCMP=header_support_contribute&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_contribute%22%7D","subscribe":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_support_subscribe&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support_subscribe%22%7D","support":"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=header_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_support%22%7D","supporter":"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?INTCMP=header_supporter_cta&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22header_supporter_cta%22%7D"},"editionId":"UK","dataLinkNamePrefix":"nav3","inHeader":true,"remoteHeader":true,"contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","hasPageSkin":false}\" | |
config=\"{"renderingTarget":"Web","darkModeAvailable":false}\"></gu-island></div></div></div></header><nav | |
class=\"dcr-yvt6mp\"><div class=\"dcr-g6s42l\"><div class=\"dcr-x2bp9n\"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', | |
function(){\n // Used to toggle data-link-name on label | |
buttons\n var navInputCheckbox = document.getElementById('top-nav-input-checkbox')\n | |
\ var showMoreButton = document.getElementById('show-more-button')\n | |
\ var veggieBurger = document.getElementById('veggie-burger')\n | |
\ var expandedMenuClickableTags = document.querySelectorAll('.selectableMenuItem')\n | |
\ var expandedMenu = document.getElementById('expanded-menu-root')\n\n | |
\ // We assume News is the 1st column\n var | |
firstColLabel = document.getElementById('News-button')\n var | |
firstColLink = document.querySelectorAll('#newsLinks > li:nth-of-type(2) > | |
a')[0]\n\n var focusOnFirstNavElement = function(){\n | |
\ // need to focus on first element in list, firstColLabel | |
is not viewable on desktop\n if(window.getComputedStyle(firstColLabel).display | |
=== 'none'){\n firstColLink.focus()\n } | |
else {\n firstColLabel.focus()\n }\n | |
\ }\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif (!navInputCheckbox) return; // | |
Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.\n\n | |
\ navInputCheckbox.addEventListener('click',function(){\n | |
\ document.body.classList.toggle('nav-is-open')\n\n | |
\ if(!navInputCheckbox.checked) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfirstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', | |
'false')\n showMoreButton.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 | |
: veggie-burger : show')\n veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 | |
: veggie-burger : show')\n expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){\n | |
\ $selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','-1')\n | |
\ })\n } else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfirstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', | |
'true')\n showMoreButton.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 | |
: veggie-burger : hide')\n veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 | |
: veggie-burger : hide')\n expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){\n | |
\ $selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','0')\n | |
\ })\n focusOnFirstNavElement()\n | |
\ }\n })\n var | |
toggleMainMenu = function(e){\n navInputCheckbox.click()\n | |
\ }\n // Close hide menu on press | |
enter\n var keydownToggleMainMenu = function(e){\n | |
\ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space | |
key\n if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {\n | |
\ e.preventDefault()\n toggleMainMenu()\n | |
\ }\n }\n showMoreButton.addEventListener('keydown', | |
keydownToggleMainMenu)\n veggieBurger.addEventListener('keydown', | |
keydownToggleMainMenu)\n // Accessibility to hide Nav | |
when pressing escape key\n document.addEventListener('keydown', | |
function(e){\n // keyCode: 27 => esc\n if | |
(e.keyCode === 27) {\n if(navInputCheckbox.checked) | |
{\n toggleMainMenu()\n if(window.getComputedStyle(veggieBurger).display | |
=== 'none'){\n showMoreButton.focus()\n }else{\n | |
\ veggieBurger.focus()\n }\n | |
\ }\n }\n })\n | |
\ // onBlur close dialog\n document.addEventListener('mousedown', | |
function(e){\n if(navInputCheckbox.checked && !expandedMenu.contains(e.target)){\n | |
\ toggleMainMenu()\n }\n | |
\ });\n })</script><div data-component=\"nav2\" | |
class=\"dcr-1yaxlqk\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"top-nav-input-checkbox\" | |
name=\"more\" tabIndex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" | |
aria-haspopup=\"true\" class=\"dcr-sy54ny\"/><ul data-testid=\"pillar-list\" | |
class=\"dcr-12nc91l\"><li class=\"dcr-1jvozb1\"><a id=\"navigation\" href=\"/\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav3 : primary : News\" class=\"dcr-fqcvat\">News</a></li><li | |
class=\"dcr-1jvozb1\"><a href=\"/commentisfree\" data-link-name=\"nav3 : primary | |
: Opinion\" class=\"dcr-sapj63\">Opinion</a></li><li class=\"dcr-1jvozb1\"><a | |
href=\"/sport\" data-link-name=\"nav3 : primary : Sport\" class=\"dcr-10xmijo\">Sport</a></li><li | |
class=\"dcr-1jvozb1\"><a href=\"/culture\" data-link-name=\"nav3 : primary | |
: Culture\" class=\"dcr-5wboq0\">Culture</a></li><li class=\"dcr-1jvozb1\"><a | |
href=\"/lifeandstyle\" data-link-name=\"nav3 : primary : Lifestyle\" class=\"dcr-hu01ye\">Lifestyle</a></li></ul><div | |
id=\"expanded-menu-root\"><label id=\"show-more-button\" aria-label=\"Toggle | |
main menu\" for=\"top-nav-input-checkbox\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : veggie-burger | |
: show\" tabIndex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-testid=\"nav-show-more-button\" | |
class=\"dcr-4f36de\"><span class=\"dcr-1nvgr5i\">Show</span><span class=\"dcr-a2u3ka\">More<svg | |
viewBox=\"-3 -3 30 30\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path | |
fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"m1 7.224 10.498 10.498h1.004L23 | |
7.224l-.98-.954L12 14.708 1.98 6.27 1 7.224Z\"></path></svg></span></label><label | |
id=\"veggie-burger\" aria-label=\"Toggle main menu\" for=\"top-nav-input-checkbox\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav3 : veggie-burger : show\" tabIndex=\"0\" role=\"button\" | |
data-testid=\"veggie-burger\" class=\"dcr-ggozu3\"><span class=\"dcr-1nvgr5i\">Show | |
More</span><span class=\"dcr-120u0k1\"></span></label><div id=\"expanded-menu\" | |
data-testid=\"expanded-menu\" class=\"dcr-azg7f5\"><div class=\"dcr-1rogvv6\"><ul | |
role=\"menubar\" data-testid=\"nav-menu-columns\" class=\"dcr-pequ9o\"><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-u8xy4z\"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', | |
function(){\n var columnInput = document.getElementById('News-button');\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif | |
(!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer | |
exists for users in test.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolumnInput.addEventListener('keydown', | |
function(e){\n // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: | |
32 => Space key\n if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode | |
=== 32) {\n e.preventDefault()\n document.getElementById('News-checkbox-input').click();\n | |
\ }\n })\n })</script><input | |
type=\"checkbox\" id=\"News-checkbox-input\" tabIndex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" | |
class=\"dcr-1acea34\"/><label id=\"News-button\" aria-label=\"Toggle News\" | |
for=\"News-checkbox-input\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"newsLinks\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" role=\"menuitem\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-News\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : News\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1ltxrw8\">News</label><ul | |
role=\"menu\" id=\"newsLinks\" data-testid=\"newsLinks\" class=\"dcr-1apjkx5\"><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"/\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : View all News\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-News\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">View all News</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/uk-news\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : UK news\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-UK\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">UK news</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/world\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : World news\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-World\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">World news</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/environment/climate-crisis\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Climate crisis\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Climate | |
crisis\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Climate | |
crisis</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/world/ukraine\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Ukraine\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Ukraine\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Ukraine</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/football\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Football\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Football\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Football</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/email-newsletters\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Newsletters\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Newsletters\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Newsletters</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/business\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Business\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Business\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Business</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/environment\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Environment\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Environment\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Environment</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/politics\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : UK politics\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-UK | |
politics\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">UK politics</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/education\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Education\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Education\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Education</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/society\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Society\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Society\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Society</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/science\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Science\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Science\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Science</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/technology\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Tech\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Tech\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Tech</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/global-development\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Global development\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Global | |
development\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Global | |
development</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/obituaries\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Obituaries\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Obituaries\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Obituaries</a></li></ul><div | |
class=\"dcr-1e7fm6f\"></div></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-u8xy4z\"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', | |
function(){\n var columnInput = document.getElementById('Opinion-button');\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif | |
(!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer | |
exists for users in test.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolumnInput.addEventListener('keydown', | |
function(e){\n // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: | |
32 => Space key\n if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode | |
=== 32) {\n e.preventDefault()\n document.getElementById('Opinion-checkbox-input').click();\n | |
\ }\n })\n })</script><input | |
type=\"checkbox\" id=\"Opinion-checkbox-input\" tabIndex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" | |
class=\"dcr-1acea34\"/><label id=\"Opinion-button\" aria-label=\"Toggle Opinion\" | |
for=\"Opinion-checkbox-input\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"opinionLinks\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" role=\"menuitem\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-Opinion\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Opinion\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1jt6jw5\">Opinion</label><ul | |
role=\"menu\" id=\"opinionLinks\" data-testid=\"opinionLinks\" class=\"dcr-p2o2v8\"><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"/commentisfree\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : View all Opinion\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Opinion\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">View all Opinion</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/profile/editorial\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : The Guardian view\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-The | |
Guardian view\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">The | |
Guardian view</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/index/contributors\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Columnists\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Columnists\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Columnists</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/tone/cartoons\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Cartoons\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Cartoons\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Cartoons</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/type/video+tone/comment\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Opinion videos\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Opinion | |
videos\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Opinion | |
videos</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/tone/letters\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Letters\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Letters\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Letters</a></li></ul><div | |
class=\"dcr-nnicp7\"></div></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-u8xy4z\"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', | |
function(){\n var columnInput = document.getElementById('Sport-button');\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif | |
(!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer | |
exists for users in test.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolumnInput.addEventListener('keydown', | |
function(e){\n // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: | |
32 => Space key\n if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode | |
=== 32) {\n e.preventDefault()\n document.getElementById('Sport-checkbox-input').click();\n | |
\ }\n })\n })</script><input | |
type=\"checkbox\" id=\"Sport-checkbox-input\" tabIndex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" | |
class=\"dcr-1acea34\"/><label id=\"Sport-button\" aria-label=\"Toggle Sport\" | |
for=\"Sport-checkbox-input\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"sportLinks\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" role=\"menuitem\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-Sport\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Sport\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1gd3jod\">Sport</label><ul | |
role=\"menu\" id=\"sportLinks\" data-testid=\"sportLinks\" class=\"dcr-18ceucy\"><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"/sport\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : View all Sport\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Sport\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">View all Sport</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/football\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Football\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Football\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Football</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/cricket\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Cricket\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Cricket\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Cricket</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/rugby-union\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Rugby union\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Rugby | |
union\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Rugby union</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/tennis\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Tennis\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Tennis\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Tennis</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/cycling\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Cycling\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Cycling\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Cycling</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/formulaone\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : F1\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-F1\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">F1</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/golf\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Golf\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Golf\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Golf</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a | |
href=\"/sport/boxing\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary | |
: Boxing\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Boxing\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Boxing</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/rugbyleague\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Rugby league\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Rugby league\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Rugby league</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/horse-racing\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Racing\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Racing\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Racing</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/sport/us-sport\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : US sports\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-US | |
sports\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">US sports</a></li></ul><div | |
class=\"dcr-wr5umd\"></div></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-u8xy4z\"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', | |
function(){\n var columnInput = document.getElementById('Culture-button');\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif | |
(!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer | |
exists for users in test.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolumnInput.addEventListener('keydown', | |
function(e){\n // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: | |
32 => Space key\n if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode | |
=== 32) {\n e.preventDefault()\n document.getElementById('Culture-checkbox-input').click();\n | |
\ }\n })\n })</script><input | |
type=\"checkbox\" id=\"Culture-checkbox-input\" tabIndex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" | |
class=\"dcr-1acea34\"/><label id=\"Culture-button\" aria-label=\"Toggle Culture\" | |
for=\"Culture-checkbox-input\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"cultureLinks\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" role=\"menuitem\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-Culture\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Culture\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-lhudgd\">Culture</label><ul | |
role=\"menu\" id=\"cultureLinks\" data-testid=\"cultureLinks\" class=\"dcr-1ghku59\"><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"/culture\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : View all Culture\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Culture\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">View all Culture</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/film\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Film\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Film\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Film</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a | |
href=\"/music\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Music\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Music\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-19xl8rm\">Music</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/tv-and-radio\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : TV & radio\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-TV | |
& radio\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">TV | |
& radio</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/books\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Books\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Books\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Books</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/artanddesign\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Art & design\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Art | |
& design\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Art | |
& design</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/stage\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Stage\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Stage\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Stage</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/games\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Games\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Games\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Games</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a | |
href=\"/music/classicalmusicandopera\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Classical\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Classical\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Classical</a></li></ul><div | |
class=\"dcr-8d2t96\"></div></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-u8xy4z\"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', | |
function(){\n var columnInput = document.getElementById('Lifestyle-button');\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif | |
(!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer | |
exists for users in test.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolumnInput.addEventListener('keydown', | |
function(e){\n // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: | |
32 => Space key\n if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode | |
=== 32) {\n e.preventDefault()\n document.getElementById('Lifestyle-checkbox-input').click();\n | |
\ }\n })\n })</script><input | |
type=\"checkbox\" id=\"Lifestyle-checkbox-input\" tabIndex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" | |
class=\"dcr-1acea34\"/><label id=\"Lifestyle-button\" aria-label=\"Toggle | |
Lifestyle\" for=\"Lifestyle-checkbox-input\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"lifestyleLinks\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" role=\"menuitem\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-Lifestyle\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Lifestyle\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-f678yr\">Lifestyle</label><ul role=\"menu\" id=\"lifestyleLinks\" data-testid=\"lifestyleLinks\" | |
class=\"dcr-b7ndus\"><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"/lifeandstyle\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : View all Lifestyle\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Lifestyle\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-19xl8rm\">View all Lifestyle</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a | |
href=\"/fashion\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Fashion\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Fashion\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-19xl8rm\">Fashion</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/food\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Food\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Food\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Food</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/tone/recipes\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Recipes\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Recipes\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Recipes</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/travel\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Travel\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Travel\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Travel</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/lifeandstyle/health-and-wellbeing\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Health & fitness\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Health | |
& fitness\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Health | |
& fitness</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/lifeandstyle/women\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Women\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Women\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Women</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/lifeandstyle/men\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Men\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Men\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Men</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/lifeandstyle/love-and-sex\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Love & sex\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Love | |
& sex\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Love | |
& sex</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/fashion/beauty\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Beauty\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Beauty\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Beauty</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/lifeandstyle/home-and-garden\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Home & garden\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Home & garden\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Home & garden</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/money\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : Money\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Money\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Money</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a | |
href=\"/technology/motoring\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary | |
: Cars\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Cars\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-19xl8rm\">Cars</a></li></ul></li><li role=\"none\"><form action=\"https://www.google.co.uk/search\" | |
class=\"dcr-g8v7m4\"><label for=\"src-component-695671\" class=\"dcr-0\"><div | |
class=\"dcr-16c0nhc\">Search input </div></label><input type=\"text\" id=\"src-component-695671\" | |
aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby required name=\"q\" | |
placeholder=\"Search\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : search\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-11ywa62\"/><label class=\"dcr-0\"><div class=\"dcr-16c0nhc\">google-search | |
</div><div class=\"dcr-190ztmi\"><svg width=\"30\" viewBox=\"-3 -3 30 30\" | |
xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" | |
clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 | |
0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2Zm0 1.84A5.403 | |
5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 | |
0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432Zm7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909h.931Z\"></path></svg><span | |
class=\"dcr-1p0hins\">Search</span></div></label><button type=\"submit\" aria-live=\"polite\" | |
aria-label=\"Search with Google\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : search : submit\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"dcr-v4dfgf\"><div class=\"src-button-space\"></div><svg | |
width=\"30\" viewBox=\"-3 -3 30 30\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" | |
aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M1 | |
12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 | |
8.575H1v1.912Z\"></path></svg></button><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"as_sitesearch\" | |
value=\"www.theguardian.com\"/></form><div class=\"dcr-12vycz3\"></div></li><ul | |
role=\"menu\" class=\"dcr-e1bf28\"><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a | |
href=\"https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=side_menu_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support%22%7D\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Support us\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Support | |
us\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-f926ic\">Support us</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe?REFPVID=&INTCMP=undefined&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22PrintSubscriptionsHeaderLink%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22referrerPageviewId%22%3A%22%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22%22%7D\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Print subscriptions\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Print subscriptions\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-f926ic\">Print subscriptions</a></li></ul><section | |
class=\"dcr-e1bf28\"><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-u8xy4z\"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', | |
function(){\n var columnInput = document.getElementById('UK-edition-button');\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif | |
(!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer | |
exists for users in test.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolumnInput.addEventListener('keydown', | |
function(e){\n // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: | |
32 => Space key\n if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode | |
=== 32) {\n e.preventDefault()\n document.getElementById('UK-edition-checkbox-input').click();\n | |
\ }\n })\n })</script><input | |
type=\"checkbox\" id=\"UK-edition-checkbox-input\" tabIndex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" | |
class=\"dcr-1acea34\"/><label id=\"UK-edition-button\" aria-label=\"Toggle | |
UK edition\" for=\"UK-edition-checkbox-input\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"uk-editionLinks\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" role=\"menuitem\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-UK edition\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : UK edition\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-bgr4l7\">UK edition</label><ul role=\"menu\" id=\"uk-editionLinks\" data-testid=\"uk-editionLinks\" | |
class=\"dcr-18g98jm\"><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/preference/edition/us\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : US edition\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-US | |
edition\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">US edition</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/preference/edition/au\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Australia edition\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-AU | |
edition\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Australia | |
edition</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/preference/edition/int\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : International edition\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-International edition\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">International edition</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/preference/edition/eur\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Europe edition\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Europe | |
edition\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-19xl8rm\">Europe | |
edition</a></li></ul></li><div class=\"dcr-12vycz3\"></div></section><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-fpdmoz\"><ul role=\"menu\" id=\"moreLinks\" class=\"dcr-fm7m00\"><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://jobs.theguardian.com\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Search jobs\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Search | |
jobs\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Search jobs</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://recruiters.theguardian.com/?utm_source=gdnwb&utm_medium=navbar&utm_campaign=Guardian_Navbar_Recruiters&CMP_TU=trdmkt&CMP_BUNIT=jobs\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Hire with Guardian Jobs\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Hire with Guardian Jobs\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Hire with Guardian Jobs</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_uk_web_newheader\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Holidays\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Holidays\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Holidays</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-live-events?INTCMP=live_uk_header_dropdown\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Live events\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Live | |
events\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Live events</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"/about\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : About Us\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-About Us\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">About Us</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://theguardian.newspapers.com\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Digital Archive\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Digital | |
Archive\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Digital | |
Archive</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"/artanddesign/series/gnm-print-sales\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Guardian Print Shop\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Print Shop\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Guardian Print Shop</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://patrons.theguardian.com/?INTCMP=header_patrons\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Patrons\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Patrons\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Patrons</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a href=\"https://licensing.theguardian.com/\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Guardian Licensing\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Licensing\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Guardian Licensing</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"https://app.adjust.com/16xt6hai\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : The Guardian app\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-The | |
Guardian app\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">The | |
Guardian app</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/video\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Video\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Video\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Video</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/podcasts\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Podcasts\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Podcasts\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Podcasts</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/inpictures\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Pictures\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Pictures\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Pictures</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/email-newsletters\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Newsletters\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Newsletters\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Newsletters</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/theguardian\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Today's paper\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Today's | |
paper\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Today's paper</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/membership\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Inside the Guardian\" | |
data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Inside the Guardian\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Inside the Guardian</a></li><li role=\"none\" | |
class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/observer\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : The Observer\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-The Observer\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">The Observer</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/weekly?INTCMP=gdnwb_mawns_editorial_gweekly_GW_TopNav_UK\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Guardian Weekly\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Guardian | |
Weekly\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Guardian | |
Weekly</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/crosswords\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Crosswords\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Crosswords\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Crosswords</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"https://www.wordiply.com\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Wordiply\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Wordiply\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Wordiply</a></li><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-4hq641\"><a href=\"/theguardian/series/corrections-and-clarifications\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : Corrections\" data-testid=\"column-collapse-sublink-Corrections\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\">Corrections</a></li></ul></li><span | |
class=\"dcr-90inr0\"><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-19kye5y\"><ul role=\"menu\" | |
class=\"dcr-fm7m00\"><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: secondary : facebook\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/theguardian\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\"><svg width=\"32\" | |
height=\"32\" viewBox=\"-2 -2 32 32\" class=\"dcr-6sdrzu\"><path d=\"M17.9 | |
14h-3v8H12v-8h-2v-2.9h2V8.7C12 6.8 13.1 5 16 5c1.2 0 2 .1 2 .1v3h-1.8c-1 0-1.2.5-1.2 | |
1.3v1.8h3l-.1 2.8z\"></path></svg>Facebook</a></li><li role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-9ra8aa\"><a | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : secondary : twitter\" href=\"https://twitter.com/guardian\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-1o75t1y\"><svg | |
width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"-2 -2 32 32\" class=\"dcr-6sdrzu\"><path | |
d=\"M21.3 10.5v.5c0 4.7-3.5 10.1-9.9 10.1-2 0-3.8-.6-5.3-1.6.3 0 .6.1.8.1 | |
1.6 0 3.1-.6 4.3-1.5-1.5 0-2.8-1-3.3-2.4.2 0 .4.1.7.1l.9-.1c-1.6-.3-2.8-1.8-2.8-3.5.5.3 | |
1 .4 1.6.4-.9-.6-1.6-1.7-1.6-2.9 0-.6.2-1.3.5-1.8 1.7 2.1 4.3 3.6 7.2 3.7-.1-.3-.1-.5-.1-.8 | |
0-2 1.6-3.5 3.5-3.5 1 0 1.9.4 2.5 1.1.8-.1 1.5-.4 2.2-.8-.3.8-.8 1.5-1.5 1.9.7-.1 | |
1.4-.3 2-.5-.4.4-1 1-1.7 1.5z\"></path></svg>Twitter</a></li></ul></li></span><li | |
role=\"none\" class=\"dcr-pt8pb9\"><ul role=\"menu\" class=\"dcr-88ts5o\"><li | |
class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a href=\"https://jobs.theguardian.com\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Search jobs\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-14omeyx\">Search jobs</a></li><li class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a href=\"https://recruiters.theguardian.com/?utm_source=gdnwb&utm_medium=navbar&utm_campaign=Guardian_Navbar_Recruiters&CMP_TU=trdmkt&CMP_BUNIT=jobs\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Hire with Guardian | |
Jobs\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-14omeyx\">Hire with | |
Guardian Jobs</a></li><li class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a href=\"https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_uk_web_newheader\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Holidays\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-14omeyx\">Holidays</a></li><li class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a | |
href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-live-events?INTCMP=live_uk_header_dropdown\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Live events\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-14omeyx\">Live events</a></li><li | |
class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a href=\"/about\" role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 | |
: brand extension : About Us\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-14omeyx\">About Us</a></li><li class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a href=\"https://theguardian.newspapers.com\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Digital Archive\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-14omeyx\">Digital Archive</a></li><li | |
class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a href=\"/artanddesign/series/gnm-print-sales\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Guardian Print Shop\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-14omeyx\">Guardian Print Shop</a></li><li class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a | |
href=\"https://patrons.theguardian.com/?INTCMP=header_patrons\" role=\"menuitem\" | |
data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Patrons\" tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem | |
dcr-14omeyx\">Patrons</a></li><li class=\"dcr-nnfu1a\"><a href=\"https://licensing.theguardian.com/\" | |
role=\"menuitem\" data-link-name=\"nav2 : brand extension : Guardian Licensing\" | |
tabIndex=\"-1\" class=\"selectableMenuItem dcr-14omeyx\">Guardian Licensing</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav><aside | |
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480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"/><source srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b281431ab3b1f106c8688d789af70aeff3e8c01a/0_117_3500_2100/master/3500.jpg?width=645&dpr=1&s=none\" | |
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320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"/><source srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b281431ab3b1f106c8688d789af70aeff3e8c01a/0_117_3500_2100/master/3500.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none\" | |
media=\"(min-width: 320px)\"/><img alt=\"Blake Scholl in front of Boom jet\" | |
src=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b281431ab3b1f106c8688d789af70aeff3e8c01a/0_117_3500_2100/master/3500.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none\" | |
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fill=\"white\" viewBox=\"0 0 6 14\"><path d=\"M4.6 12l-.4 1.4c-.7.2-1.9.6-3 | |
.6-.7 0-1.2-.2-1.2-.9 0-.2 0-.3.1-.5l2-6.7H.7l.4-1.5 4.2-.6h.2L3 12h1.6zm-.3-9.2c-.9 | |
0-1.4-.5-1.4-1.3C2.9.5 3.7 0 4.6 0 5.4 0 6 .5 6 1.3c0 1-.8 1.5-1.7 1.5z\"></path></svg></label><input | |
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viewBox=\"0 0 18 13\"><path d=\"M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 | |
2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 | |
1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z\"></path></svg></span><span class=\"dcr-1qvd3m6\">Blake Scholl: | |
No one else was reviving supersonic travel, so I decided to.\u2019</span> | |
Photograph: Alyson Mcclaran/Reuters</figcaption></div></div></div></span><a | |
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1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z\"></path></svg></span><span class=\"dcr-1qvd3m6\">Blake Scholl: | |
No one else was reviving supersonic travel, so I decided to.\u2019</span> | |
Photograph: Alyson Mcclaran/Reuters</figcaption></span></figure></div></div></div><aside | |
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business profile</span></a><span class=\"dcr-n4pnam\"><a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/aerospace-industry\" | |
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href=\"/tone/interview\" class=\"dcr-1uyjdvr\">Interview</a></div></div><h1 | |
class=\"dcr-cxzgoi\"><span class=\"dcr-19anx8e\">Boom founder Blake Scholl: | |
from high school dropout to supersonic high-flyer</span></h1><div class=\"dcr-1nvgr5i\">This | |
article is more than 1 year old</div><div class=\"dcr-16on7cv\"><div class=\"dcr-1eos3vf\"><a | |
rel=\"author\" data-link-name=\"auto tag link\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/profile/rupertneate\">Rupert | |
Neate</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-gu-name=\"standfirst\" | |
class=\"dcr-1yi1cnj\"><div class=\" dcr-1teqwow\"><p>The man who aims to bring | |
a \u2018son of Concorde\u2019 to the skies \u2013 and do it sustainably \u2013 | |
found his project tapped into the passions of employees and investors alike</p></div></div><div | |
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style=\"--mobile-color:inherit;\" class=\"dcr-1d52k2r\"><summary class=\"dcr-1ybxn6r\"><span | |
class=\"dcr-u0h1qy\">Sat 27 Aug 2022 16.00 BST</span></summary>Last modified | |
on Mon 29 Aug 2022 19.13 BST</details></div></div><div data-print-layout=\"hide\" | |
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article-body-viewer-selector dcr-1g5o3j6\"><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Blake | |
Scholl has been a plane geek since he was a baby, when his parents took him | |
to watch turboprop Cessnas taking off near their home in Cincinnati, Ohio.</p><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">\u201CI had a Fisher-Price toy plane, and my parents | |
say I held it up and knew it was like those in the sky,\u201D he says in a | |
video chat from his car in Denver, Colorado. \u201CAfter that I was always | |
sketching pictures of airplanes and thinking about how to build them.\u201D</p><div | |
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config=\"{"renderingTarget":"Web","darkModeAvailable":false}\"></gu-island></div><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">While he remained fascinated, he never seriously considered | |
a career in aviation, instead working as a software engineer. But now Scholl, | |
41, is founder and chief executive of what could be one of the most exciting | |
new aviation companies.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Boom Supersonic, which | |
Scholl founded in 2014, is <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/aug/16/american-becomes-third-airline-to-place-order-for-boom-supersonic-jets\" | |
data-link-name=\"in body link\">promising to launch \u201Cson of Concorde\u201D | |
supersonic commercial passenger flights as soon as 2026</a> \u2013 some 23 | |
years after Concorde was decommissioned.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Scholl | |
says the fact that he never got the chance to fly on Concorde is part of his | |
motivation for reviving supersonic air travel. \u201CI was waiting but no | |
one was doing it, so eventually I decided to,\u201D he says. \u201CMy kids | |
had a grandfather who lived in Hong Kong, an 18-hour flight from here. It | |
was just too far for them as young children and him as an old man. If supersonic | |
flights had been available, they would have seen their grandfather more often.\u201D</p><aside | |
class=\"dcr-15xdhc\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 22 14\" style=\"fill:var(--pullquote-icon);\" | |
class=\"dcr-scql1j\"><path d=\"M5.255 0h4.75c-.572 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 | |
13.941H0C.792 9.104 2.44 4.53 5.255 0Zm11.061 0H21c-.506 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 | |
13.941h-8.686c.902-4.837 2.485-9.411 5.3-13.941Z\"></path></svg><blockquote | |
class=\"dcr-zzndwp\">Concorde was a technological marvel for the 1960s. But | |
they weren\u2019t focused on the economics. It became too expensive to fly | |
</blockquote><footer><cite>Blake Scholl</cite></footer></aside><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">He | |
founded Boom in 2014 after selling an e-commerce firm he had founded. But | |
first he wrote a list of possible things he could do next: \u201CI realised | |
that I wanted to work on the most important thing [for society] that\u2019s | |
not impossible.\u201D Scholl rated the ideas according to how happy he would | |
be if they worked out. \u201CAt the top was supersonic flight. It was time | |
to figure out why everyone thought it was such a bad idea.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">After | |
a fortnight of intense research he concluded that it was possible, and went | |
about hiring aerospace engineers to help turn his vision into reality. The | |
first six or seven people he hired were paid with money he had made from selling | |
his apps platform Kima Labs to Groupon. \u201CI had put about half of my life | |
savings into the business before I realised I was playing chicken with my | |
bank account, and we launched a funding round.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Investors, | |
many of whom had backed his previous venture, pumped almost $1m into the fledgling | |
business \u2013 while it was still operating from the basement of Scholl\u2019s | |
home. \u201CThey [the previous investors] were saying, we think you\u2019re | |
probably crazy but we will always back you.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Other | |
investors were, he says, driven by their own desire to see a successor to | |
Concorde. \u201CThey were saying you\u2019re probably crazy but we really | |
want it to work.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">So far, it appears he has | |
been proved right. The company, which now employs about 250 people, has <a | |
href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/xb-1\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">built | |
a prototype called XB-1, </a>which Scholl says is \u201Cthe world\u2019s only | |
operational, non-military supersonic jet\u201D.</p><figure id=\"b9c887db-4183-43b9-a8d1-d2dda884e960\" | |
data-spacefinder-role=\"inline\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement\" | |
class=\" dcr-173mewl\"><div id=\"img-2\" class=\"dcr-1t8m8f2\"><picture class=\"dcr-evn1e9\"><source | |
srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c8b4a963ecbb5af0044720b33928ce90f378ccdf/120_0_2813_1688/master/2813.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none\" | |
media=\"(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: | |
660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"/><source srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c8b4a963ecbb5af0044720b33928ce90f378ccdf/120_0_2813_1688/master/2813.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none\" | |
media=\"(min-width: 660px)\"/><source srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c8b4a963ecbb5af0044720b33928ce90f378ccdf/120_0_2813_1688/master/2813.jpg?width=605&dpr=2&s=none\" | |
media=\"(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: | |
480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"/><source srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c8b4a963ecbb5af0044720b33928ce90f378ccdf/120_0_2813_1688/master/2813.jpg?width=605&dpr=1&s=none\" | |
media=\"(min-width: 480px)\"/><source srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c8b4a963ecbb5af0044720b33928ce90f378ccdf/120_0_2813_1688/master/2813.jpg?width=445&dpr=2&s=none\" | |
media=\"(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: | |
320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"/><source srcSet=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c8b4a963ecbb5af0044720b33928ce90f378ccdf/120_0_2813_1688/master/2813.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none\" | |
media=\"(min-width: 320px)\"/><img alt=\"The Boom Supersonic Overture in flight\" | |
src=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c8b4a963ecbb5af0044720b33928ce90f378ccdf/120_0_2813_1688/master/2813.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none\" | |
width=\"445\" height=\"267.03163881976536\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-evn1e9\"/></picture><a | |
href=\"#img-2\" data-ignore=\"global-link-styling\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabIndex=\"-1\" | |
class=\"open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms\"><button data-element-id=\"b9c887db-4183-43b9-a8d1-d2dda884e960\" | |
type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn\"><svg | |
viewBox=\"-3 -3 30 30\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path | |
fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 | |
8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475H23Zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 | |
5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475H1Z\"></path></svg><span class=\"dcr-194i6pr\">View | |
image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><figcaption class=\"dcr-10c8vbz\"><span | |
class=\"dcr-1inf02i\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 13\"><path | |
d=\"M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 | |
7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z\"></path></svg></span><span | |
class=\"dcr-1qvd3m6\">The Boom Supersonic Overture: American Airlines has | |
a possible order for 60 aircraft.</span> Photograph: AP</figcaption></figure><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Later this year, Boom will break ground on a factory | |
producing<a href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/overture\" data-link-name=\"in | |
body link\"> a commercial version called Overture</a>. The jets, which promise | |
speeds of up to Mach 1.7 over water \u2013 twice the speed of today\u2019s | |
fastest commercial aircraft, though below Concorde\u2019s top speed of Mach | |
2.04 \u2013 are expected to roll off the production line from 2025 and carry | |
their first passengers in 2029. The factory is in Greensboro, North Carolina, | |
the state where the Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Earlier | |
this month, American Airlines became the third airline to place an order for | |
Boom jets. <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jun/03/united-airlines-boom-supersonic-overture-airliner-concorde\" | |
data-link-name=\"in body link\">United Airlines</a> ordered 15 last year, | |
and <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/mar/23/boom-supersonic-jet-travel-affordable-business-class\" | |
data-link-name=\"in body link\">Virgin Atlantic</a> reached a partnership | |
deal in 2016. American Airlines agreed to buy up to 20 of the planes \u2013 | |
with an option for 40 more.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">The Overture will carry | |
fewer passengers than subsonic jets, with 65 seats, initially priced at business-class | |
rates. <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2019/mar/08/50th-anniversary-of-concordes-maiden-flight-in-pictures\" | |
data-link-name=\"in body link\">Concorde</a> had a capacity of between 90 | |
and 128 passengers.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Scholl says the aircraft is | |
designed for a range of 4,250 nautical miles, and could fly about 600 routes | |
around the world. It estimates that flying from London to New York would take | |
three and a half hours, compared with six and a half now.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">He | |
reckons Boom can succeed where Concorde failed because his jets will be far | |
lighter, and therefore much more efficient. Eventually, he says, tickets will | |
cost about the same as standard airline tickets cost now.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">\u201CConcorde | |
was a technological marvel for the 1960s,\u201D he says. \u201CBut they weren\u2019t | |
focused on the economics, and it became too expensive to fly.\u201D A London-New | |
York return flight cost about $12,000, before <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_France_Flight_4590\" | |
data-link-name=\"in body link\">Air France Flight 4590</a> crashed in 2000 | |
and Concorde was decommissioned in 2003. \u201CFast-forward a few decades, | |
and now all the technology is significantly more efficient, and we can get | |
the cost right down.\u201D</p><figure id=\"5e51bb12-c7e7-44dc-8ef9-d50e38840632\" | |
data-spacefinder-role=\"richLink\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement\" | |
class=\" dcr-1your1i\"><gu-island name=\"RichLinkComponent\" priority=\"feature\" | |
deferUntil=\"idle\" props=\"{"richLinkIndex":18,"element":{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement","prefix":"Related: | |
","text":"Will Butler-Adams: Brompton Bicycle\u2019s evangelist-in-chief","elementId":"5e51bb12-c7e7-44dc-8ef9-d50e38840632","role":"richLink","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/aug/20/will-butler-adams-brompton-bicycles-evangelist-in-chief"},"ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","format":{"display":2,"theme":0,"design":15}}\" | |
config=\"{"renderingTarget":"Web","darkModeAvailable":false}\"><div | |
data-print-layout=\"hide\" data-link-name=\"rich-link-18 | 18\" data-component=\"rich-link\" | |
data-name=\"placeholder\" class=\"dcr-1kyw41h\"><div data-format-theme=\"5\" | |
data-format-design=\"0\" data-format-display=\"0\" class=\"dcr-xztv7y\"><a | |
href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/aug/20/will-butler-adams-brompton-bicycles-evangelist-in-chief\" | |
class=\"dcr-1m887w9\"><div class=\"dcr-1lhuo3r\"></div><div class=\"dcr-ut4tvs\"><div | |
class=\"dcr-1h5b6rb\"><div class=\"dcr-1k82b89\">Will Butler-Adams: Brompton | |
Bicycle\u2019s evangelist-in-chief</div></div><div class=\"dcr-eurq8n\"><svg | |
width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><g fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path | |
d=\"m12 0c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12 6.627 0 12-5.373 | |
12-12 0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12m.21 19l-.637-.668 4.888-6.326h-11.465v-1.01h11.465l-4.888-6.333.637-.668 | |
6.79 7.158v.685l-6.79 7.157\" class=\"rich-link__arrow-icon\"></path></g></svg><div | |
class=\"dcr-gsqrei\">Read more</div></div></div></a></div></div></gu-island></figure><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Scholl claims that despite the large amount of fuel needed | |
to power supersonic flight, Boom aims to achieve net zero carbon dioxide by | |
2025, and net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2040. The planes will fly on | |
\u201Cup to 100% sustainable\u201D aviation fuel.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">He | |
says attracting talented engineers has been easier than he imagined, even | |
when he was interviewing potential recruits in his basement. \u201CThere are | |
very few people in aerospace who don\u2019t get excited about either rockets | |
to go to Mars or supersonic flight \u2013 and back then Boom was the only | |
one doing this,\u201D he says. \u201CWe were able to convince people to leave | |
good careers</p><hr class=\"dcr-z9ge1j\"/><h2 id=\"cv\"><strong>CV</strong></h2><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\"><strong>Family</strong> \u201CI was an only child, but | |
I\u2019m a father of four now.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\"><strong>Education | |
</strong>\u201CI attended Carnegie Mellon University from 1998 until 2001, | |
where I graduated with a BSc in computer science with honours.\u201D</p><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\"><strong>Pay</strong> \u201CIf pay is the only reason | |
you\u2019re at a job, you\u2019re at the wrong job.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\"><strong>Last | |
holiday</strong> \u201CThis summer, I took my kids on a trip across the western | |
US in an airplane I flew myself. I\u2019m a trained pilot, so it\u2019s great | |
to be able to share my passion for flight with my kids.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\"><strong>Best | |
advice he\u2019s been given </strong> \u201CThe people who are crazy enough | |
to think they can change the world are the ones that do.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\"><strong>Word | |
he overuses</strong> Subsonic. \u201CThat\u2019s what I call anything that\u2019s | |
too slow.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\"><strong>How he relaxes</strong> | |
\u201CBy spending time with my family, or flying for fun.\u201D</p><hr class=\"dcr-z9ge1j\"/><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">to join us, and of the first 10 people we hired, two | |
shut down successful businesses they had founded.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Scholl\u2019s | |
success is a relief to his mother and father, who worried when, as a teenager, | |
he dropped out of high school. \u201CMy parents really cared about education, | |
and sent me to the best public high school in the state,\u201D he says. \u201CBut | |
I just never felt like I fitted in.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">He did, | |
however, fit right in at the science summer camps his parents sent him to. | |
One year he spent six weeks at a theoretical computer sciences camp. \u201CNow | |
this was exciting and fun, and I was around people who cared about what I | |
cared about,\u201D he remembers. \u201CI was learning things from people who | |
were passionate. I had found my place.\u201D</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">With | |
passion renewed, he went from Blake the high school dropout to Blake the college | |
kid, after finding a programme at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh | |
that allows people who haven\u2019t completed high school a chance to apply.</p><p | |
class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">\u201CYou apply as a junior, and write an essay about | |
why you didn\u2019t finish high school,\u201D he says. He wrote that high | |
school had nothing left to teach him. He won an Andrew Carnegie merit scholarship, | |
and graduated with a BSc in computer science.</p><p class=\"dcr-4cudl2\">Scholl | |
knew he wanted to be an entrepreneur, and set out to work for arguably the | |
world\u2019s most successful entrepreneur: Jeff Bezos. \u201CI got in touch | |
with a recruiter [for Amazon] and said I\u2019m blown away by what you\u2019re | |
doing on personalising retailing, I want to work for you on that.\u201D It | |
worked: Scholl was hired as a software engineer in 2001 at the age of 21. | |
Within a few months he was working on projects directly overseen by Bezos. | |
\u201CI had to update him and his leadership team every three months,\u201D | |
he says. \u201CIt was a challenge, but boy was it inspiring.\u201D</p></div></div><gu-island | |
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