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input.scss

@use 'sass:string';
@use 'sass:list';
@use 'sass:math';
@use 'sass:meta';

@function split($string, $separator, $limit: null) {
    @if meta.type-of($string) != 'string' {
        @error '$string is not a string';
    }
    @if meta.type-of($separator) != 'string' {
        @error '$separator is not a string';
    }
    @if meta.type-of($limit) == 'number' {
        @if $limit < 0 or $limit != math.round($limit) {
            @error '$limit must be a positive intiger or null';
        }
    } @else if $limit != null {
        @error '$limit must be a positive intiger or null';
    }
    @if $string == '' {
      @return list.append((), $string);
    }

    $split-list: ();

    @if $limit == 0 {
        @return $split-list;
    }

    $length: string.length($string);
    $limit: if($limit == null, $length, $limit);
    $split-counter: 0;

    @while $split-counter <= $limit and $length > 0 {
        @if $split-counter == $limit {
            $split-list: list.append($split-list, $string);
            $string: '';
        } @else if $separator == '' {
            $code-point: string.slice($string, 1, 1);
            $split-list: list.append($split-list, $code-point);
            $string: string.slice($string, 2);
            $split-counter: $split-counter + 1;
        } @else {
            $index: string.index($string, $separator);
            // current logic clearly makes sense if the index is > 1,
            // but returns an empty first item if the index is 1.
            // Is that the desired behavior?
            @if $index {
                $current-substring: string.slice($string, 1, $index - 1);
                $split-list: list.append($split-list, $current-substring);
                $string: string.slice($string, $index + string.length($separator));
                $split-counter: $split-counter + 1;
            } @else {
                // What happens if the index is null
                // (seperator is not present in string)?
                // return the string
                $split-list: list.append($split-list, $string);
                $string: '';
            }
        }

        // we need to update the length before we repeat the loop
        $length: string.length($string);
    }
    @return $split-list;
}

$source: 'hello world';
$test: split($source, ' ', 1); 

.test {
    source: 'hello world';
    type: meta.type-of($test);
    result: meta.inspect($test);
}

output.css

.test {
  source: "hello world";
  type: list;
  result: "hello" "world";
}

settings.json

{
  "sass": {
    "compiler": "dart-sass/1.32.12",
    "extensions": {},
    "syntax": "SCSS",
    "outputStyle": "expanded"
  },
  "autoprefixer": false
}