Feature/Use Case | AlloyDB | Cloud Spanner | Bigtable | Firestore | Firebase Realtime Database | Memorystore | Cloud SQL | Cloud Storage | Dataproc (HBase) |
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Type | Relational (PostgreSQL-compatible) | Relational (NewSQL, globally distributed) | NoSQL (wide-column database) | NoSQL (document-oriented) | NoSQL (real-time JSON-based) | In-memory key-value store | Relational (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server) | Object Storage | NoSQL (Hadoop-based) |
Key Use Case | High-performance relational DB with analytical capabilities | Globally distributed relational DB | Real-time, high-throughput, low-latency workloads | Real-time apps, mobile, web apps | Real-time syncing for mobile/web | Low-latency caching | General-purpose relational DB | File/object storage, backups | Batch processing on HDFS |
Scaling | Horizontal compute, separate storage | Horizontal scaling, global consistency | Horizontal scaling, massive scale | Horizontally scalable with regional/global options | Horizontally scalable | Scales horizontally by sharding | Vertical scaling (VM-based limits) | Unlimited horizontal | Limited by cluster resources |
Transactions | Strong consistency (ACID) | Strong consistency (ACID) | Limited to row-level atomicity | Document-level atomicity | Limited atomic writes | Not transactional | Strong consistency (ACID) | Not applicable | Limited to HBase capabilities |
Schema | Relational (PostgreSQL-compatible) | Relational (Spanner SQL) | NoSQL (wide-column schema) | NoSQL (schema-flexible JSON) | NoSQL (schema-flexible JSON) | Key-value | Relational (SQL-compliant) | No schema | NoSQL (wide-column schema) |
Performance | High for mixed OLTP/OLAP workloads | Optimized for global consistency | Optimized for low-latency, high-throughput | Low-latency real-time updates | Ultra-low latency for sync | Ultra-low latency (sub-ms) | Good for standard workloads | Dependent on access patterns | Good for batch/analytical loads |
Query Language | SQL (PostgreSQL) | SQL (Spanner SQL) | Limited SQL-like queries | NoSQL-style queries | NoSQL-style queries | Not applicable | SQL (MySQL/PostgreSQL/SQL Server) | Not queryable | HBase shell/MapReduce |
Regional/Global | Regional | Global | Regional | Regional/Global | Regional | Regional | Regional | Global | Regional |
Integration | PostgreSQL ecosystem | Google ecosystem | Google ecosystem | Google ecosystem | Google ecosystem | Redis/Memcached-compatible APIs | MySQL/PostgreSQL ecosystem | General-purpose | Hadoop ecosystem |
Cost Efficiency | Mid-range | High for small workloads | Cost-effective for high throughput | Cost-effective for real-time apps | Very cost-effective for small apps | Cost-efficient for caching | Mid-range for general workloads | Low for static storage | Varies with cluster size |
Best For | Mixed transactional and analytical workloads | Multi-region/global apps requiring strict consistency | IoT, analytics, logging | Mobile/web apps needing real-time sync | Mobile/web apps, IoT, low-complexity sync | Caching and session storage | Standard relational apps | File storage, backups, archives | Analytical processing on big data |
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Relational Needs:
- AlloyDB: PostgreSQL workloads with advanced analytics.
- Cloud SQL: Traditional relational databases for smaller-scale apps.
- Cloud Spanner: Global-scale relational apps requiring strong consistency.
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NoSQL Needs:
- Firestore: Structured data with real-time sync for apps.
- Firebase Realtime Database: Low-latency syncing for simpler apps.
- Bigtable: Massive-scale NoSQL for analytics or time-series data.
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In-Memory Needs:
- Memorystore: For ultra-fast caching or session data.
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Unstructured Data:
- Cloud Storage: Binary data like images, videos, and backups.
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Big Data Processing:
- Bigtable: High-throughput analytics.
- Dataproc (HBase): Hadoop-based batch processing.
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