TryHangReceive.cs

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

namespace HangSockets
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            await TestSendReceive();            
        }

        private static async Task TestSendReceive()
        {
            int msDelay = 100;
           
            (Socket socket1, Socket socket2) = CreateConnectedSocketPair(true);
            using (socket2)
            {
                Task socketOperation = Task.Run(() => socket1.Receive(new byte[1]));

                // Wait a little so the operation is started.
                await Task.Delay(msDelay);
                msDelay *= 2;
                Task disposeTask = Task.Run(() => socket1.Dispose());

                var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
                Task timeoutTask = Task.Delay(5000, cts.Token);
                Task firstFinished = await Task.WhenAny(disposeTask, socketOperation, timeoutTask);
                if (firstFinished == timeoutTask)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Timeout!");
                }
                cts.Cancel();

                await disposeTask;

                try
                {
                    await socketOperation;
                }
                catch (SocketException se)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(se.SocketErrorCode.ToString());
                }
                catch (ObjectDisposedException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("ObjectDisposedException!");
                }

                    
            }

            static (Socket client, Socket server) CreateConnectedSocketPair(bool ipv6 = false, bool dualModeClient = false)
            {
                IPAddress serverAddress = ipv6 ? IPAddress.IPv6Loopback : IPAddress.Loopback;

                using Socket listener = new Socket(serverAddress.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                listener.Bind(new IPEndPoint(serverAddress, 0));
                listener.Listen(1);

                IPEndPoint connectTo = (IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndPoint;
                if (dualModeClient) connectTo = new IPEndPoint(connectTo.Address.MapToIPv6(), connectTo.Port);


                Socket client = new Socket(connectTo.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                if (dualModeClient) client.DualMode = true;
                client.Connect(connectTo);
                Socket server = listener.Accept();

                return (client, server);
            }
        }
    }
}